7/30/07

Asbestos in the environment

Low levels of asbestos are in the air we breathe and some of the water we drink, including water from natural sources.^[6] Studies have shown that members of the general (nonoccupationally exposed) population have tens of thousands to hundreds of thousands of asbestos fibers in each gram of dry lung tissue, which translates into millions of fibers and tens of thousands of asbestos bodies in every person's lungs.^[7]

The EPA has proposed a concentration limit of 7 million fibers per liter of drinking water for long fibers (lengths greater than or equal to 5 µm). OSHA (Occupational Safety and Health Administration) has set limits of 100,000 fibers with lengths greater than or equal to 5 µm per cubic meter of workplace air for 8-hour shifts and 40-hour work weeks.^[8]

EWG Action Fund estimates that in the United States, about 10,000 people die each year of asbestos-related diseases, such as mesothelioma, asbestosis, lung cancer, and gastrointestinal cancer.

Asbestos Production trends

In 2005, Russia was the largest producer of asbestos with about 40% world share followed by China and Kazakhstan, reports the British Geological Survey.

Historic usage

Items made of asbestos were held in so great an esteem as to be of equal value with gold; none but emperors and kings had napkins made of it. Supposedly, Charlemagne had a tablecloth made of asbestos. Cleaning an asbestos cloth was simple–it was simply thrown into a fire. Some archaeologists have believed that ancients made shrouds of asbestos, wherein they burned the bodies of their kings, in order to preserve only their ashes, and prevent their being mixed with those of wood or other combustible materials commonly used in funeral pyres.^[2]

Others assert that the ancients used asbestos to make perpetual wicks for sepulchral lamps. In more recent centuries, asbestos was indeed used for this purpose. Although asbestos causes skin to itch upon contact, ancient literature indicates that it was prescribed for diseases of the skin, and particularly for the itch. It is possible that they used the term asbestos for alumen plumosum, because the two terms have often been confused throughout history.^[2]

Asbestos fibers were once used in automobile brake pads and shoes. Since the mid-1990s, a majority of brake pads, new or replacement, have been manufactured instead with Aramid fiber (Twaron or Kevlar) linings (the same material used in bullet-proof vests)

To be continued

7/29/07

Asbestos as a contaminant

Most respirable asbestos fibers are invisible to the unaided human eye because their size is about 3.0-20.0 µm in length and can be as thin as 0.01 µm. Human hair ranges in size from 17 to 181 µm in width.^[5] Fibers ultimately form because when these minerals originally cooled and crystallized, they formed by the polymeric molecules lining up parallel with each other and forming oriented crystal lattices. These crystals thus have three cleavage planes, just as other minerals and gemstones have. But in their case, there are two cleavage planes that are much weaker than the third direction. When sufficient force is applied, they tend to break along their weakest directions, resulting in a linear fragmentation pattern and hence a fibrous form. This fracture process can keep occurring and one larger asbestos fiber can ultimately become the source of hundreds of much thinner and smaller fibers.

As asbestos fibers get smaller and lighter, the more easily they become airborne and human respiratory exposures can result. Fibers will eventually settle but may be re-suspended by air currents or other movement.

Friability of a product containing asbestos means that it is so soft and weak in structure that it can be broken with simple finger crushing pressure. Friable materials are of the most initial concern due to their ease of damage. The forces or conditions of usage that come into intimate contact with most non-friable materials containing asbestos are substantially higher than finger pressure.

Etiology Asbestos

Asbestos Warning Sign at Bauer Elementary Miamisburg, Ohio June 2007

Health concern associated with asbestos began in the 1970s soon after Dr. Irving Selikoff, of Mt. Sinai School of Medicine, found that some workers, occupationally exposed to certain amphibole (non-serpentine) type asbestos fibers, and were at increased risk of lung disease. While Dr. Selikoff's work played a key role in removing amphibole asbestos from industry, the resulting media-driven hysteria and the EPA failed to differentiate between amphibole and chrysotile (serpentine) fibers used for asbestos. Without exception, every human study in the United States showing asbestos etiology is associated with amphibole fiber asbestos, and there is not a single study showing chrysotile etiology.

Where Asbestos came from?

"White" asbestos

Chrysotile, CAS No. 12001-29-5, is obtained from serpentine rocks. Chrysotile, along with other types of asbestos, have been banned in dozens of countries and is only allowed in the United States and Europe in very limited circumstances. Applications where Chrysotile might be used include the use of joint compound. There is no safe level of exposure to crysotile that is recognized. It is more flexible than amphibole types of asbestos; it can be spun and woven into fabric. Chrysotile does not persist in the lungs after inhalation; but is transferred to the pleura (the lining of the lungs) where mesothelioma, a fatal asbestos related cancer develops. Over 90% of the asbestos used in the United States is Chrysotile asbestos, making it one of the major causes of asbestos-related diseases in the U.S.

"Brown" asbestos

Amosite, CAS No. 12172-73-5, is a trade name for the amphiboles belonging to the Cummingtonite - Grunerite solid solution series, commonly from Africa, named as an acronym from Asbestos Mines of South Africa. One formula given for Amosite is Fe₇Si₈O₂₂(OH)₂. This type of asbestos, like all asbestos, is very hazardous.

"Blue" asbestos

Riebeckite, CAS No. 12001-28-4, also known under the variety name of Crocidolite, is an amphibole from Africa and Australia. It is the fibrous form of the amphibole riebeckite. Blue asbestos is commonly thought of as the most dangerous type of asbestos (see above and below). One formula given for Crocidolite is Na₂Fe²⁺₃Fe³⁺₂Si₈O₂₂(OH)₂. This type of asbestos is very hazardous.

Notes: chrysotile commonly occurs as soft friable fibers. Asbestiform amphibole may also occur as soft friable fibers but some varieties such as amosite are commonly straighter. All forms of asbestos are fibrillar in that they are composed of fibers with widths less than 1 micrometer that occur in bundles and have very long lengths. Asbestos with particularly fine fibers is also referred to as "amianthus". Amphiboles such as tremolite have a sheetlike crystalline structure. Serpentine (chrysotile) has a stringlike crystalline structure.(Inorganic Chemistry, E. de Barry Barnett and C. L. Wilson). Crysotile asbestos is often contaminated with tremolite, creating an additional hazard.

Other asbestos

Other regulated asbestos minerals, such as tremolite asbestos, CAS No. 77536-68-6, Ca₂Mg₅Si₈O₂₂(OH)₂; actinolite asbestos (or smaragdite), CAS No. 77536-66-4, Ca₂(Mg, Fe)₅Si₈O₂₂(OH)₂; and anthophyllite asbestos, CAS No. 77536-67-5, (Mg, Fe)₇Si₈O₂₂(OH)₂; are less commonly used industrially but can still be found in a variety of construction materials and insulation materials and have been reported in the past to occur in a few consumer products.

Other natural and not currently regulated asbestiform minerals, such as richterite, Na(CaNa)(Mg,Fe⁺⁺)₅[Si₈O₂₂](OH)₂, and winchite, (CaNa)Mg₄(Al,Fe³⁺)Si₈O₂₂(OH)₂, may be found as a contaminate in products such as the vermiculite containing Zonolite insulation manufactured by W.R. Grace and Company. These minerals are thought to be no less harmful than tremolite, amosite, or crocidolite, but since they are not regulated, they are referred to as "asbestiform" rather than asbestos although may still be reltated to diseases and hazardous.

In 1989 the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) passed the Asbestos Ban and Phase Out Rule which was subsequently overturned in the case of Corrosion Proof Fittings v. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1991. This ruling leaves many consumer products that can still legally contain trace amounts of asbestos. For a clarification of products which legally contain asbestos visit the EPA's clarification statement. To be continued

Who is Asbestos? Endanger?

8-) Asbestos (misapplication of Latin: asbestos "quicklime" from Greek? a, "not" and asbestos, "extinguishable") describes any of a group of minerals that can be fibrous, many of which are metamorphic and are hydrous magnesium silicates.

This name is derived for its historical use in lamp wicks; the resistance of asbestos to fire has long been exploited for a variety of purposes. Asbestos was used in fabrics such as Egyptian burial cloths and Charlemagne's tablecloth (which according to legend, he threw in a fire to clean). Asbestos occurs naturally in many forms (see below); it is mined from metamorphic rocks.
When asbestos is used for its resistance to fire or heat, the fibers are often mixed with cement or woven into fabric or mats. Asbestos is used in brake shoes and gaskets for its heat resistance, and in the past was used on electric oven and hotplate wiring for its electrical insulation at elevated temperature, and in buildings for its flame-retardant and insulating properties, tensile strength, flexibility, and resistance to chemicals. The inhalation of asbestos fibers, however, can cause a number of serious illnesses, including cancer. Since the mid 1980s, many uses of asbestos are banned in multiple countries.

Home Insulation Tips That Can Save You Lots of Money

Five Home Insulation Tips That Can Save You Lots of Money By Jamie Clark
There's a good chance that high heating bills are here to stay. As the
prices of natural gas and heating oil go up, homeowners will find
themselves paying more and more to heat their homes in the winter.
Fortunately, you can offset some of the price increases by beefing up
your home insulation. In fact, most homeowners can save 30 percent or
more on home heating costs by making a few inexpensive home
improvements! Older homes are often most in need of an insulation
upgrade. But don't assume that, because you have a newer home, it's as
well-insulated as possible. Many homes built after 1980 have inadequate
insulation because local building codes aren't up-to-date with US
Department of Energy recommendations. Also, occasionally home-builders
do scrimp on "little" things like insulation to lower costs and increase
profits. Here are some relatively simple and inexpensive steps you can
take to lower your heating bills this winter: 1. Increase attic
insulation. Your attic is a big source of home heat loss and is one of
the easiest places to get in to. If your attic does not have at least 12
inches of insulation you can lay paperless rolls of insulation on top of
existing insulation, including cellulose or vermiculite. These types of
insulation tend to "compact" over time, reducing their effectiveness. By
the way, a well-insulated attic is always cold. If you see icicles
dangling from the eaves of your home it means that warm air in the attic
is melting snow and the water runoff is re-freezing (which can also
cause significant damage to your roof!). Get in there and insulate until
the air is very cold. 2. Use weatherstripping around windows and doors.
Lots of heat is lost through the spaces around windows and doors. Modern
weatherstripping materials are inexpensive and very effective at
minimizing the loss of warm air (and money). Most do-it-yourselves can
install weatherstripping pretty easily. Just make sure to do it in
temperatures above 20 degrees Fahrenheit. Also, always apply
weatherstripping to clean, dry surfaces to maximize effectiveness and
ensure that it lasts for a long time. 3. Use expansion foam for small
spaces. Expansion foam insulation works great for filling small openings
that allow heat to escape. Some examples include the spaces behind
electric switch plates on exterior walls, openings where plumbing pipes
enter the house, and the small openings that are used to run
electricity, cable, and internet lines into your home. All together
these little spaces add up to a lot of heat loss and a little bit of
inexpensive expansion foam can save you a lot of money on your heating
bill. 4. Don't forget the basement. Home basements and crawlspaces often
have many little openings that let heat escape. This is especially true
if they are unfinished. Use paper-faced insulation on exposed ceiling
joists and stuff small pieces of insulation into open crevices at the
juncture of basement walls and the ceiling. Also, you might want to pump
some expansion foam insulation into any small openings around the
foundation, which are usually no more than an inch or two wide. 5. Use
window curtains and blinds. One of the simplest ways to reduce heat loss
through windows is to use curtains and blinds. They can be closed at
night to trap cold air and opened during the day to allow sunlight to
naturally warm the house. Remember that the thicker the curtain, the
more effective it will be at insulating your house. As you can see, none
of the home insulation steps above are too difficult or too expensive to
accomplish. But they will save you a ton of money over the years. Take
advantage of them and you just might find this year's heating bills to
be lower than expected! Jamie Clark is a researcher and writer for
Home-Insulation-Guide.com.

For more home insulation tips and to learn how you can lower your home
heating bills visit http://www.home-insulation-guide.com today! Article
Source: http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=Jamie_Clark

The best freeware and free software for Windows

OpenOffice - office suite

PC Suite 602 - office suite
AbiWord - text editor
Atlantis Nova - text editor
Microsoft PowerPoint Viewer - power point files viewer
Adobe Reader - pdf reader
Foxit PDF Reader - pdf reader
PDFCreator - create pdf documents
Doc Convertor - document convertor
Convert - unit convertor
Converber - unit convertor
Sunbird - calendar/organizer
EssentialPIM Free - calendar/organizer
PhraseExpress - speed up your writing
ATnotes - create notes on the desktop

Archive managers

7-Zip - compression program
IZArc - compression program
TugZIP - compression program
CabPack - compression program
Universal Extractor - extract files from any type of archive

Internet

Firefox - web browser
Internet Explorer- web browser
Maxthon - web browser
Opera - web browser
Avant Browser - web browser
Thunderbird - email client
PopTray - check for emails
Free Download Manager - download manager
FlashGet - download manager
WellGet - download manager
Download Master - download manager
WGET - commandline download manager
HTTrack - offline browser
WebReaper - offline browser
Yeah Reader - RSS reader
GreatNews - RSS reader
RSSOwl - RSS reader

P2P

µTorrent - torrent client
Azureus - torrent client
BitComet - torrent client
ABC - torrent client
BitTornado - torrent client
eMule - p2p client
SoulSeek - p2p client
Shareaza - p2p client
DC++ - Direct Connect network client
PeerGuardian - IP blocker

Chat

Miranda - chat client
MSN Messenger - chat client
Yahoo Messenger - chat client
QIP - chat client
Gaim - chat client
JAJC - chat client
HydraIRC - IRC client
Talkative IRC - IRC client
IceChat - IRC client
Skype - VOIP client
Google Talk - VOIP client
VoipStunt - VOIP client
Gizmo - VOIP client
Wengo - VOIP client

Security

AVG Free - antivirus
Avast Home Free - antivirus
AntiVir PersonalEdition - antivirus
BitDefender Free - antivirus
ClamWin - antivirus
CyberDifender - Internet Security Suite
Ad-aware - anti-spyware
Spybot: Search & Destroy - anti-spyware
Windows Defender - anti-spyware
SpywareBlaster - anti-spyware
Spyware Terminator - anti-spyware
Tootkit Reveaker - rootkit detection utility
Winpooch - system protection
HiJack Free - system protection
HighJackThis - hijackers detector and remover
Kerio Personal Firewall - firewall
Sygate Personal Firewall - firewall
ZoneAlarm - firewall
AxCrypt - file encryption
Simple File Shredder - securely delete files
PuTTy - SSH client
KeePass - password manager
LockNote - password manager
nPassword - password manager
Microsoft Baseline Security Analyzer - identify security misconfigurations

Servers

FileZilla - FTP client
FileZilla Server - FTP server
EFTP - FTP client/server
XAMPP - integrated server package of Apache, mySQL, PHP and Perl
WAMP - Apache, PHP5 and MySQL server

Audio

Foobar2000 - audio player
WinAmp - audio player
1by1 - audio player
JetAudio - audio player
XMPlay - audio player
Xion - audio player
Apollo - audio player
MediaMonkey - music organizer
The GodFather - music organizer
dBpowerAMP - audio converter
Audacity - audio converter
WavePad - audio converter
Kristal Audio Engine - audio editor
Exact Audio Copy - CD ripper
Audiograbber - CD ripper
CDex - CD ripper
Mp3 Tag Tools - tag editor
Mp3tag - tag editor
Taggin’ MP3 - tag editor
Monkey’s Audio - APE compressor/decompressor
mpTrim - mp3 editor
WavTrim - wave editor
EncSpot Basic - analyse mp3 files

Video

Windows Media Player - audio/video player
VLC - video player
Media Player Classic - video player
MV2Player - video player
CrystalPlayer 1.95 - video player
Zoom Player - video player
GOM Player - video player
viPlay - video player
DSPlayer - video player
VirtualDub - video editor
CamStudio - video screen recording
AviSplit - Avi splitter
Video mp3 Extractor - rip audio from video files
Free iPod Converter - convert all popular video formats to iPod video
MediaPortal - turning your PCinto a Media Center
The FilmMachine

Image

Gimp - image editor
PhotoFiltre - image editor
Paint.net - image editor
ArtRage - image editor
Artweaver - image editor
IrfanView - image viewer
Picasa - image viewer
XnView - image viewer
FastStone Image Viewer - image viewer
FuturixImager - image viewer
Easy Thumbnails - create thumbnails from images
JoJoThumb - create thumbnails from images
iWebAlbum - create web photo albums
JAlbum - create web photo albums
3D Box Shot Maker - design quality box shot
FastStone Capture - screen capture
WinSnap - screen capture

3D

Blender3D - 3D renderer
3Delight Free - 3D renderer
SketchUp - 3D modeling
Maya Learning Edition - 3D modeling

Developers

AutoIt - task automation
SciTE4AutoIt3 - text editor for AutoIt
AutoHotkey - task automation
PHP Designer - PHP editor
Notepad++ - text editor
ConTEXT Editor - text editor
PSPad - text editor
FoxEditor - text editor
Crimson Editor - source code editor
Elfima Notepad - text editor
Notepad2 - text editor
Nvu - HTML editor
Alleycode - HTML editor
BlockNote - web page editor
Weaverslave - web page editor

CD/DVD

DeepBurner - CD/DVD burner
CDBurner XP Pro - CD/DVD burner
BurnAtOnce - CD/DVD burner
Express Burn - CD/DVD burner
Zilla CD-DVD Rip’n’Burn - CD/DVD burner
ImgBurn - ISO, BIN burner
Daemon tools - virtual CD/DVD
DVD Decrypter - DVD ripper
DVD Shrink - DVD ripper
Nero CD-DVD Speed - CD/DVD info and quality test

Codecs

GSpot - codec information
AC3Filter - audio codec
Xvid - video codec
QuickTime Alternative - video codec
Real Alternative - video codec
K-Lite Codec Pack - all codecs

System Ulilities

CCleaner - system cleaner
xp-AntiSpy - OS setup
jv16 Powertools - system utilities
XP SysPad - system monitoring utility
What’s Running - process guard
Registrar Lite - registry editor
WinIPConfig - replacement for “ipconfig.exe” and “route.exe”
Unlocker - file eraser
Eraser - secure file eraser
Undelete Plus - file recovery
freeCommander - file manager
ExplorerXP - file manager
Duplicate File Finder - find all duplicate files
Ant Renamer - file renaming
ReNamer - file renaming
Icons From File - icos extractor
Chaos MD5 - MD5 generator
HashTab - MD5, SHA1 and CRC-32 file hashes
Rainlendar Lite - desktop calendar
Weather Watcher - weather firecast
Subtitle Workshop - subtitles editor
Ant Movie Catalog - movie organizer
Disclib - CD organizer
Dexpot - virtual desktops
DriveImage XML - create partition images
MozBackup - backup and restore bookmarks, etc.
SyncBack - system backup
Atomic Cock Sync - syncronize your clock
Citrus Alarm Clock - alarm clock
TaskSwitchXP - Alt-Tab replacement
Launchy - application launcher
allSnap - make all windows snap
Sysinternals Tools - various system tools
StrokeIt - mouse gestures
Net Profiles - create profiles of your network settings
ResourceHacker - view, modify, rename, add, delete
Java Runtime Environment - java for Windows

UI Enhancements

RocketDock - application launcher
AveDesk - desktop enhancer
IconPhile - customize windows’s system icons
CursorXP Free - change mouse cursors
MacSound - volume control
LClock - Windows Longhorn clock
Y’z Dock - application launcher
Y’z Shadow - shadow effect to the windows
Y’z Toolbar - change the toolbar icons in Explorer and Internet Explorer
Taskbar Shuffle - rearrange the programs on the taskbar by dragging
Visual Task Tips - thumbnail preview image for each task in the taskbar
Badges - put badges on any folder or file
Folderico - change icons of the folders
Folder Marker - mark your folders
Folder2MyPC - add favourite locations to My Computer
Microsoft TweakUI - system settings
BricoPacks - shell packs
ShellPacks - shell packs
Tango Shell Patcher - shell patcher
XPize - GUI enhancer
Vista Transformation Pack - complete visual style
Vista Sound Scheme - Windows Vista sound scheme
Royale Theme - visual style

HW monitoring

CPU-Z - cpu information
CrystalCPUID - cpu information
Central Brain Identifier - cpu information
Everest - system information
SiSoft Sandra - system information
SpeedFan - hardware monitor
Memtest86 - memory test
PowerMax - HDD test
3Dmark 06 - 3D game performance benchmark
Aquamark - performance benchmark
rthdribl - 3D benchmark
Fraps - 3D benchmark, fps viewer and screen recorder
Prime 95 - cpu benchmarking
SuperPI - cpu benchmarking
CPU Rightmark - cpu overclock
Core Temp - cpu temperature
ATiTool - video overclock
ATI Tray Tools - Radeon tweaker
aTuner - GeForce and Radeontweaker
RivaTuner - video overclock
Nokia Monitor Test - monitor adjustmets
UDPixel - fix dead pixels

Games

123 Free Solitaire - solitaire games collection
Arcade Pack - classic arcade games
Live For Speed - online racing simulator
Enigma - puzzle game
Freeciv - multiplayer strategy game
Tux Racer - race down steep, snow-covered mountains

Education

SpeQ Mathematics - mathematics program
Dia - diagram creation program
Google Earth - explore the world
NASA World Wind - 3D virtual globe
Celestia - explore the space
Stellarium - planetarium

Miscellaneous

nLite - Build your own custom Windows disk.
VirtualPC - create virtual machines
grabMotion - webcam capture
iDailyDiary - simple page-for-a-day diary
Pivot Stickfigure Animator - create stick-figure animations
Wink - create presentations
Scribus - professional page layout
FreeMind - midn mapping software
Windows Live Writer - WYSIWYG blog authoring

Copy from Maztikno

7/26/07

Private alternative Medical

Private Alternative Medical Student Loans

Your student financial aid award package will tell you what types of student loan programs you are eligible for, including federal loans such as the graduate Stafford Loan. If you have remaining unmet need, you may need private "alternative" education loans to cover all your expenses. Your school's financial aid office can help you determine which programs are right for your unique situation.
Graduate Alternative Student Loans for Medical School

When scholarships and Federal loans are not enough, the GradLoans Alternative Student Loan for Medical Students is here to bridge the gap of the cost of your education. Created for graduate students and families with unmet financial need, our goal is to make your medical school education possible!
Apply now! or call toll-free 1-800-926-2716!
Why is the GradLoans Medical School Loan so unique?

* Fast online approvals
* Low interest rates and fees
* High approval rating
* High annual maximums
* A variety of repayment options (immediate, interest only, or full deferment until you leave school)
* No application fee or out-of-pocket expenses
* You can use this loan to cover any education related expenses, including transportation, computers, books and room and board
* 24/7 online account status access

How do I qualify for a medical student loan?

* You must be a U.S. Citizen or permanent resident with a valid permanent-resident card; or
* An international student, applying with a U.S. citizen or permanent resident Co-Borrower; or
* An international student with a U.S. citizen or permanent resident applying on your behalf.
* Be at least 18 years old, or the age of majority in your state;
* Be enrolled at least half time at an eligible institution;
* Meet our criteria for creditworthiness. If you do not meet our criteria, please consider applying with a creditworthy co-borrower.

Your bussines

D-day is finally here. Your potential buyers are due to come over and inspect your home later today. Make good use of your morning and put the final touches to make your house look even more appealing. Remember your buyers are looking for a house they can call their own. So go ahead and make your home an inviting place to be in.

Again, first impressions count. Give your potential buyers an impressive first impression and everything else will fall in place. Fill your home with the delicious aroma of baked cookies by actually baking a batch of cookies just before your clients arrive. Nobody, but nobody can resist this reminds-me-of-home aroma. Fresh flowers, strategically placed add color and joy to any room.

Keep all your windows and curtains open to give the house a bright airy look. If it’s a late winters evening, switch on all your lights and keep the fireplace going, so your house looks and feels warm and cozy.

Once again- Clear the clutter! You’ll be amazed at how much has accumulated since the last time you undertook this exercise. Put away shoes that clutter your doorway. Pickup up strewn clothes and socks and throw those in the laundry basket or better still, hide them in the car for the day. Whatever you do, just do not throw all the picked-up stuff into your closet or any cupboards. Remember the client will most likely want see the interior of all the cupboards and wardrobes.

Spray the carpets, drapes and furniture with an odor-removing spray to erase all traces of cigarette smell and pet-odor. Hang fresh, clean towels in the bathrooms and kitchen. Make sure the bathrooms are spotlessly clean and inviting. Placing a few bric-a-brac in each bathroom gives it a more personal touch.

Now that you’ve got the house ready, sit back, relax and wait for the door-bell to ring announcing the arrival of your buyers.

Stafford School Loan

Stafford Loan and Private Alternative Student Loans to fund your Degree in Nursing

Your financial aid award package will tell you what types of education loan programs you are eligible to accept. If you have remaining unmet need, you may need private "alternative" education loans to cover all your expenses. Your school's financial aid office can help you determine which programs are right for your unique situation.

Colleges handle financial aid in different ways. They can participate in different programs and have different processing deadlines. Each school adopts a federal loan program - either the Federal Family Education Loan Program (FFELP) or the Direct Loan Program. Both programs are governed by federal regulations that determine the loan programs, loan limits, and repayment options. In the FFELP, private lenders provide the loan funds and work with guarantors to back the loans. In the Direct Loan Program, the government provides the loan funds "directly" to the school.

Keep in mind that federal loans with the lowest interest rates and with the most options for deferring payment are awarded to those with the greatest need. Various loan types are available. You may not be eligible for all of the loan programs - your school's financial aid office determines your eligibility for both loan and non-loan programs.

There are a variety of low-interest loans and other aid programs available to graduate students through the FFELP and Direct Loan Program. Many are similar to the undergraduate yet with higher annual loan limit amounts. Others are unique to a graduate student's specific area of study. In addition, many lenders offer private loans to meet graduate need.

Motorola is The Best

Motorola has inaugurated two flagship Motostores: one in the National Capital Region (NCR) at Noida, and the other in New Delhi. The inauguration was done by actor, Soha Ali Khan.

This is in line with company objectives of addressing growing needs of mobile users in the country, as also strengthening presence across India.

The Motostore in Noida is located at G-21, Sector-18; while the one in New Delhi is located at 02, Lajpat Nagar-II.

The Motostores will provide access to interactive experiences and exclusive content, as well as personalisation services such as mobile phone tattoos, Bluetooth photo-imaging, and ringtone downloads.

Motorola has introduced an opening week offer from April 18th to 22nd, whereby those who purchase Motorola handsets worth Rs 9,000 and more will receive a free Motorola Bluetooth H350 headset.

The move steps up Motorola's presence to six cities in the country, that include Mumbai, Bangalore, Chandigarh, Pune, and now, New Delhi, and Noida. The company also has around 30 shop-in-shop installations across the country.

Law School loan

Law School Loan Program for Law Students

Your Law School financial aid award package will tell you what types of education loans you are eligible to accept, including federal education loans. If you have remaining unmet financial need, you may need "alternative" law school loans to cover all your expenses. Your school's financial aid office can help you determine which programs are right for your unique situation.
Federal Stafford Loan for Law School

* Learn more about Stafford loans for law school by visiting Graduate Stafford Loan information section or you can
* Apply Online - Federal Stafford Loan Application

Graduate Private Alternative Law School Loans

When scholarships and Federal loans are not enough, the GradLoans Alternative Student Loan for Law Students is here to bridge the gap of the cost of your education. Specially created for graduate students and families with unmet financial need, our goal is to make education possible!

* Fast online approvals
* Low interest rates and fees
* High approval rating
* High annual maximums
* A variety of repayment options (immediate, interest only, or full deferment until you leave school)
* No application fee or out-of-pocket expenses
* You can use this loan to cover any education related expenses, including transportation, computers, books and room and board
* 24/7 online account status access

How do I qualify for GradLoans Law School Loans?

* You must be a U.S. Citizen or Permanent resident with a valid permanent-resident card
* An international student, applying with a U.S. citizen or permanent resident Co-Borrower
* An international student with a U.S. citizen or permanent resident applying on your behalf.
* Be at least 18 years old, or the age of majority in your state;
* Be enrolled at least half time at an eligible institution;
* Meet our criteria for creditworthiness. If you do not meet our criteria, please consider applying with a creditworthy co-borrower.

How much can I borrow for law school?

* Annual minimum of $1,500
* Annual maximum of the lesser of $70,000 or cost of attendance minus other aid

Degree Program Cumulative Loan Limit Limits for each Academic Year
Law School Loan $1,500 - $130,000 Cost of Attendance Minus other Aid
Law Bar Exam Loan $1,500 - $15,000 One time loan
What is my interest rate going to be?
In School Rates as low as

* LIBOR + 3.75% (Immediate Interest and Principal Repayment)
* LIBOR + 3.75% (Immediate Interest and Deferred Principal Repayment)
* LIBOR + 4.15% (Both Deferred Interest and Principal Repayment)

Repayment Rates as low as

* LIBOR + 4.30% (Immediate Interest and Principal Repayment)
* LIBOR + 4.40% (Immediate Interest and Deferred Principal Repayment)
* LIBOR + 4.50% (Both Deferred Interest and Principal Repayment)

Choose your reward!

* .25% interest rate reduction if you choose to have your loan payment automatically deducted from your bank account or if you make 48 consecutive on-time payments

What else sets the GradLoans Alternative Student Loan for Law Students apart from the rest?

* Low minimum monthly payment of $50
* Full deferment and forbearance options available while in school, working towards a residency or internship, unemployed or experiencing an economic hardship, serving in the military or needing an administrative forbearance
* 6 month grace period before repayment begins
* Fees as low as 0%
* 15 year repayment term

Annual Percentage Rate (APR) and Repayment Example:

If you borrowed $10,000 in a single installment, the 3 month LIBOR remained constant at 3.42% and you had a 24-month combined in-school and 6 month grace period with a 180-month repayment period, your possible APR and repayment schedules are shown below. Your annual percentage rate may increase or decrease after consummation.

Financial Aid

Financial Aid to fund your degree from Dental School

Your financial aid award package will tell you what types of education loan programs you are eligible to accept. If you have remaining unmet need, you may need private "alternative" education loans to cover all your expenses. Your school's financial aid office can help you determine which programs are right for your unique situation.
Graduate Alternative Dental Student Loans

When scholarships and Federal loans are not enough, the GradLoans Alternative Student Loan for Dental Students is here to bridge the gap of the cost of your education. Specially created for graduate students and families with unmet financial need, our goal is to make education possible!

* Fast online approvals
* Low interest rates and fees
* High approval rating
* High annual maximums
* A variety of repayment options (immediate, interest only, or full deferment until you leave school)
* No application fee or out-of-pocket expenses
* You can use this loan to cover any education related expenses, including transportation, computers, books and room and board
* 24/7 online account status access

How do I qualify?

* You must be a U.S. Citizen; or
* Permanent resident with a valid permanent-resident card; or
* An international student, applying with a U.S. citizen or permanent resident Co-Borrower; or
* An international student with a U.S. citizen or permanent resident applying on your behalf.
* Be at least 18 years old, or the age of majority in your state;
* Be enrolled at least half time at an eligible institution;
* Meet our criteria for creditworthiness. If you do not meet our criteria, please consider applying with a creditworthy co-borrower.

How much can I borrow?

* Annual minimum of $1,500
* Annual maximum of the lesser of $70,000 or cost of attendance minus other aid

Degree Program Cumulative Loan Limit Limits for each Academic Year
Dental $1,500 - $225,000 Cost of Attendance Minus other Aid
Dental Board Exam $1,500 - $15,000 One time loan
Dental Residency $1,500 - $15,000 One time loan

Bussines Spirit

Businesses don’t want you! Well, most businesses don’t. Sure, they want your money, they will take your orders and they would love your referrals, but they don’t want YOU. Wanting to take care of you and your needs as a customer rather than just your order involves time, follow up, research and money. What takes a business from good to great is an investment in you, their customer. It is my opinion that it is this extra stretch of time and effort that often takes the true success stores in business and makes them something worth talking about.

So how do you become one of the exceptions in business and push yourself beyond your competitors? In concept it is simple--focus on meeting and exceeding your customer’s needs. In practice it takes work; let’s take a closer look at how you can create something worth talking about in your business by focusing on the concepts of Y.O.U.

Your customer is your life-blood. Let’s face it, without customers you would be done, right? Do your customers know that? They should! Think of ways to tell them how important they are, everyone likes to feel important, appreciated and needed. Here are some examples of ways that you can make sure your customers know they are appreciated:

- On the phone--after they call for information or to place an order or to complain about a problem, always end the call with your appreciation for their business and support.

- With their order—include a note of thanks and an offer to contact you if there is anything more you can do to help.

- On your website or in your store—post a visual sign thanking them for their business.

- With follow-up--provide a follow up call or send a postcard or email shortly after they give you their business thanking them.

Others decide how good you are. Sure you love your company and are convinced that you offer the best service or products. However, people don’t care nearly as much about what you think of your business as what their friends have to say about it. Focus on each and every customer, viewing them as a friend and working to gain their satisfaction and support. Ask them for feedback and implement their suggestions. If you get lazy in this area it will show. Letting just a few unhappy customers leave your store can also quickly unravel all that you have worked to build up in the way of a good reputation. This is where the hard, consistent work of making every customer a satisfied one will come to reward you.

Until you sacrifice, you will not succeed. I believe that true customer service is really about sacrifice. You must be willing to sacrifice in a few key areas:

Time-it takes time to respond to each email, phone call or complaint personally, promptly and with sincerity—do it! Your customers will notice the difference and appreciate your efforts. Go out of your way to exceed their expectations. If you don’t have the product they need, help them find it form someone else. If they don’t understand something, offer to walk them through it. If they need something quickly, offer more than one option to get it to them on time. This kind of sacrifice will leave an indelible mark in their minds and over time can create a fierce loyalty to your company.

Money-you must be wiling to sacrifice some of your immediate profits to make customers happy. Offer a refund if they are not satisfied, a discount if you make a mistake and give gift certificates toward future orders to keep them coming back for more. The profits you will “lose” by doing this is simply an investment in the long term health and growth of your business. If you are trying to make each dollar count, wait to upgrade your printer or fax machine. Customer service is NOT the area to pinch pennies.

The beauty of offering great customer service is that you have a built in guide to help you—yourself! I encourage you to take some time to view your business from an outsider’s perspective. View yourself as the customer and meticulously scrutinize each area of your experience as a customer with your business. Look for ways to improve what you already have in place and implement things that you are currently overlooking. I am convinced that if you truly focus on the concepts of Y.O.U., everything will benefit and you will have a business that YOU would want to support!

7/25/07

Get Unlimited DVD's with Blockbuster TOTAL ACCESS

---------- Forwarded message ----------
From: Blockbuster Movies <BlockbusterMovies@listmajor.com>
Date: Tue, 3 Jul 2007 01:53:40 -0800
Subject: Get Unlimited DVD's with Blockbuster TOTAL ACCESS
To: basyar@gmail.com

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Contoh Izin penyaduran dari beritaiptek.com

---------- Forwarded message ----------
From: "Redaksi BeritaIptek.Com" <beritaiptek@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 11 Jul 2007 18:08:31 +0900
Subject: [BeritaIptek.Com] Izin penyaduran dari beritaiptek.com
To: Musthofa Basyar <basyar@gmail.com>

Yth. Musthofa Basyar

Kami persilahkan untuk menggunakan berita/artikel sebagai berikut :
Protein Anti-Kanker dari Tembakau

untuk keperluan 'Promosi produk barang / jasa' sebagaimana dimaksud.
Sesuai ketentuan dari kami, jika dipergunakan sebagai referensi, kami
harap agar dapat menyebutkan sumber tulisan sebagaimana ketentuan
pengutipan/penyaduran yang berlaku secara umum.

Terima kasih.
Redaksi beritaiptek.com
http://beritaiptek.com ________________________________

Artikel Iptek
Kamis, 5 Juli 2007 10:41:09
Protein Anti-Kanker dari Tembakau

Oleh beritaiptek.com

Siapa sangka bahwa tanaman tembakau yang biasanya dijadikan bahan
dasar rokok -sang penyebab kanker- , ternyata dapat pula menghasilkan
protein anti-kanker. Anti-kanker dari tembakau ini diungkapkan oleh
peneliti dari Pusat Penelitian Bioteknologi Lembaga Ilmu Pengetahuan
Indonesia (LIPI), Dr. Arief Budi Witarto M.Eng. yang baru beberapa
pekan lalu (Rabu, 13 Juni) terpilih sebagai penerima penghargaan
Fraunhofer-DAAD-Award 2007 dari Jerman untuk riset tentang tembakau
molecular farming.

Arief telah menekuni bidang pertanian molekuler alias molecular
farming sejak 2003 bersama timnya di Lembaga Ilmu Pengetahuan
Indonesia (LIPI). Proyek ini telah melahirkan perkebunan molekuler di
Cibinong Science Center yang akhirnya mengantarkannya memperoleh
penghargaan dengan nama Technopreneur Award 2007. Kini Arief
berkesempatan melakukan penelitian bersama di salah satu Fraunhofer
Institut di Jerman. DAAD akan memberikan beasiswa selama empat bulan
kunjungan penelitian tersebut.
Dengan penelitian ini, dalam waktu tiga tahun, direncanakan sudah
diperoleh hasil yang dapat dilanjutkan untuk produksi tingkat industri
oleh PT Kimia Farma, Tbk. Melalui hasil penelitian ini diharapkan
harga obat-obat biofarmasetik penting dapat lebih dijangkau oleh
masyarakat luas.
Bagaimana Tembakau Menghasilkan Anti-Kanker
Pada dasarnya Arief mencoba untuk menghasilkan protein pencetus
(Growth Colony Stimulating Factor (GCSF)) dengan menggunakan tanaman
tembakau (Nicotiana spp., L.). Tembakau yang diambilnya adalah
tembakau lokal dari varietas yang paling sesuai, yaitu genjah kenongo,
dari total 18 varietas lokal yang ditelitinya.
Daun tembakau yang biasanya untuk roduksi rokok, kini ia manfaatkan
sebagai reaktor penghasil protein GCSF, suatu hormon yang sangat
penting dalam menstimulasi produksi darah.
Arief mengatakan bahwa protein dibuat oleh DNA dalam tubuh kita. Nah,
jika DNA dalam tubuh kita ini dipindahkan ke tembakau melalui bakteri,
begitu masuk, tumbuhan ini akan mampu membuat protein sesuai DNA yang
telah dimasukkan tersebut. Kemudian, jika tumbuhan itu dipanen, maka
kita dapatkan protein-nya. Nah, protein inilah yang bisa dipakai
sebagai protein anti-kanker.
Selain untuk protein anti-kanker, GSCF, ujarnya, bisa juga untuk
menstimulasi perbanyakan sel tunas (stem cell) yang bisa dikembangkan
untuk memulihkan jaringan fungsi tubuh yang sudah rusak.
Penghargaan di Bidang Protein
Arief memang pakar di bidang rekayasa protein salah satunya
dibuktikan dengan banyaknya penghargaan yang ia terima. Di antaranya,
Paramadina Award 2005 untuk bidang Ilmu Pengetahuan dan Teknologi dari
Universitas Paramadina dan PII Engineering Award 2005 untuk kategori
Adhicipta Rekayasa atau Best Creation in Engineering dari
PII/Persatuan Insinyur Indonesia.
Sebelumnya ia juga telah menerima penghargaan lain yaitu Science and
Technology Award 2003 dari Indonesia Toray Science Foundation (ITSF)
dan Peneliti Muda Terbaik Indonesia 2002 untuk bidang Ilmu Pengetahuan
Teknik dan Rekayasa dari LIPI.
Ia juga pernah terpilih dengan nilai tertinggi mewakili Indonesia
bersama empat peneliti muda Indonesia lainnya memenuhi undangan resmi
dari Pemerintah Jerman dalam Pertemuan Para Penerima Hadiah Nobel di
kota Lindau Jerman.

7/30/07

Historic usage

7/29/07

Etiology Asbestos

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7/26/07

7/25/07

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